Moss: Examining the detail

Fifteen people took part in a fascinating moss field day at Clinkers Hill Bushland Reserve on 27 August. This was part of the Moss and Liverwort project that is working on producing a brochure about local mosses and liverworts. The group spent two hours identifying, photographing and recording ten varieties of moss.

Beth Mellick from the Norman Wettenhall Foundation supplied magnifying glasses and recording materials for everyone.

The afternoon was led by postgraduate student Cassia Read. She wrote this summary of her background:

I’ve been studying and working in the field of ecology for the last 15 years, starting out with a botany degree at Melbourne Uni, followed by a mixed bag of jobs, including Fungimap coordinator, researching the evolution of plant architecture, and reporting on the impact of climate change on biodiversity in national parks. I’m currently doing a PhD at Melbourne Uni on biological soil crusts of the Mallee and Wimmera. Crusts are intriguing communities of moss, lichen and fungi that live at the soil surface in arid environments. These crusts have an important role in ecosystem function. I’m particularly interested in how they influence seed germination and survival and how they recover following livestock exclusion, as stock with hard hooves remove moss and lichens and expose the top soil to erosion. I’ve recently moved to Castlemaine. While my family and I are all enjoying the bush my two young daughters have quickly turned into ‘moss monsters,’ ripping up moss when we’re out walking so they can please mum with a handful of the precious green stuff.

Two of the mosses the group studied are pictured below in magnified form.

Breutelia affinist with male "flowers" (red/brown centre on the crown of the moss). Photo by Bronwyn Silver

Barbula crinita. This moss has a long golden hairpoint and the apex of the leaf meets the hair at an obtuse angle. Photo by Bronwyn Silver

The project is supported by Friends of the Box-Ironbark Forests, the Norman Wettenhall Foundation and Connecting Country. If you would like to find out more information contact Beth Mellick on 5472 1316.

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FOBIF walkers enjoy a sunny August day

Sunny weather made for a great FOBIF walk on 21 August. There were thirty walkers on this excursion to the Muckleford bushlands. Paul Hampton from Muckleford Landcare was the leader with Doug Ralph providing a commentary on the mining history of the area. As usual Frances Cincotta shared her expert knowledge of the local plants. It was wonderful to see early wildflowers, particularly the many massive clumps of Greenhoods.

FOBIF walkers in Muckleford Bushlands. Photo by Marie Jones

During the morning, walkers detoured from the track to view see exclusion zones that were established ten years ago. Viewing the Sticky Boronia Boronia anemonifolia that had benefitted from this protection was a highlight of the day.

Sticky Boronia and Frances Cincotta explaining the history and purpose of the exclusion zone. Photos by Noel Young

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Small birds, part 3

The more noisy and active of the birds are the Honeyeaters, often flying rapidly between trees, calling loudly and chasing one another. The Red Wattlebird Anthochaera carunculatais is the largest and most aggressive, chasing all comers away.

Red Wattlebird. Castlemaine. Photo by Damian Kelly, 30 April 2011


One of the most common honeyeaters in the Castlemaine area is the New Holland Honeyeater Phylidonyris novaehollandiae. WIth a striking black and white plumage with a hint of yellow, it is hard to mistake it for anything else.

New Holland Honeyeater. Castlemaine. Photo by Damian Kelly, 30 April 2011

Another very active honeyeater is the White-plumed Honeyeater. A pale green and grey bird that is often in groups flitting quickly through the foliage.

White-plumed Honeyeater. Bells Swamp. Photo by Damian Kelly, 28 July 2011

The Fuscous Honeyeater Lichenostomus fuscus has a similar colouration to the White-plumed, but has yellow rather than white highlights. Another fast moving bird seen in lower vegetation.

Fuscous Honeyeater. Gowar School area. Photo by Damian Kelly. 19 July 2011

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Kalimna tourist road: in spite of the best intentions…

We have received a reply from the Mount Alexander Shire to our concerns about the incremental widening of the Kalimna Tourist road. We have been assured by the Infrastructure manager and Superintendent of works that road crews are aware of the problem, and conscious of the natural values on roadsides like this one.

We have no reason to doubt these assurances, but the brute fact remains that the road is getting wider. The sad sign half concealed in vegetation at the top of Lyttleton Street, warning us: ‘Danger–Narrow Road’ is a sign of a past era. The road is now over eight metres wide in places, and the widening is most pronounced on slopes, where workers have had to put in gutters to get excess water away.

Kalimna Tourist road: the problem of incremental widening needs to be looked at for unsealed roads generally.

It’s not our business to be telling Council how to do its job, but there is clearly a problem here. A similar problem arose two years ago in the National Heritage Park. When FOBIF complained to Parks Victoria about road widening, Parks responded by drawing up more specific guidelines for road maintenance. This may be an option for Council, and we have written suggesting it as a possible solution.

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Moss and liverwort field guide

A meeting took place recently to plan a new field guide about mosses and liverworts. You can find out more about this project by clicking here. Recording sheets for moss observations can be downloaded here and here.

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Fire operations: have your say!

DSE’s proposed Fire Operations plans and Fire management zones for our region are available for comment until August 29, and FOBIF members are urged to seek them out and have a say about them.

The plans are available at

http://www.dse.vic.gov.au/fire-and-other-emergencies/planned-burning-an-introduction/proposed-fire-operations-plans-august-2011

or they can be seen at the Mathieson Rd Castlemaine office of DSE/Parks Victoria on Fridays from 9 am to 4 pm.

The amount of area proposed to be burned is significantly higher under this plan, presumably as a response to the Royal Commission recommendations.

FOBIF representatives will be attending a DSE briefing on the plans on Wednesday August 24. At this stage we have two main concerns:

First, we have been consistently disappointed by the conduct of burn operations. The photos below show the area burned by DSE at the Wewak track in Autumn last year. While we would love to see an independent expert assessment of this operation, common sense would suggest that the operation increased the fuel load in the area, while destroying a significant number of old trees.

Wewak Tk, August 2011: the management burn was so severe numerous trees were killed, causing this massive regrowth of seedlings. In a few years these will present a greater fire risk than existed before the burn.Photo: Bernard Slattery

Wewak tk, area adjacent to the management burn: the fuel load here seems lower than that created by the management burn. The forest structure also seems healthier and more open.

We are also very concerned about large [500+ hectare] burns planned in the Tarilta gorge and Muckleford forest. We cannot at this stage see the point of the first operation, and are concerned that the second is listed as an ‘asset protection’ burn—meaning that it will be burned more severely than would happen if it were zoned otherwise.

It seem to us that DSE is under political pressure to burn more hectares, and does not have the resources to do this properly. We will publish a more considered view on these operations after Wednesday’s meeting. In the mean time we urge FOBIF members to look at the plans, and to express an interest in them: it is important that DSE is aware that citizens are closely observing what they do.

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Small Birds, part 2

Harder to identify than Robins are the Thornbills – small and very active, often higher up in foliage, but some species frequent the ground at times.

The most common is the Brown Thornbill Acanthiza pusilla, which really on closer inspection is not overall brown but varies and has striations. Alas, people confuse this with the Striated Thornbill which is similar in size.

Brown Thornbill. Castlemaine. Photo by Damian Kelly, April 2011

The Buff-rumped Thornbill Acanthiza reguloidesis is common throughout a lot of the forests and often more easily seen as it forages along the ground and amongst low foliage.

Buff-rumped Thornbill. Walmer South Nature Conservation Reserve. Photo by Damian Kelly, 8 August 2011

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Time bombs

FOBIF members have noted a rash of rubbish dumping in our public lands recently. All of it is unsightly, and some disgusting: the prize in this latter category going to the person who has dumped large amounts of meat offcuts in the Poverty Gully area.

It’s bad enough that piles of old mattresses and sundry household items are littering the bush—including plenty of stuff that would easily fit into a household or even street bin. What is much more serious is the dumping of garden rubbish, much of which is the source of serious weed outbreaks. It’s worth remembering that weeds cost Australian agriculture $4 billion a year, and that most of them are garden escapes. A few months ago FOBIF members discovered an infestation of English broom on Mount Alexander which was promptly dealt with by Parks Victoria: the potential for this weed to get into adjoining private land was high, and the costs would have been serious. We are pretty sure that the infestation was caused by dumping of garden rubbish.

FOBIF has written to Mount Alexander Shire urging the issue of free garden rubbish vouchers to residents. Although we don’t think this is a magic solution to the problem, we do believe that cost of tipping garden rubbish does deter people from doing the right thing. Anything which would ease this problem—and the burden on public land managers who have to deal with it – should be tried.

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What’s that on the ground?

After the success of the Castlemaine Field Naturalists folder guide to the indigenous plants of Castlemaine and surrounds, FOBIF has embarked on a project to produce two more guides in the same style, this time on fungi, mosses and lichens. In view of the complexity of the subject matter, we’re aiming for a careful timetable, and a planned launch in Autumn 2013. The project has the support of the Norman Wettenhall foundation.

Ceratodon sp, Mcay reservoir road: You need to get down on your knees

An initial meeting to plan the project was held on August 12, and a field day to survey local mosses is planned for August 27. Members interested in having some input to the project are encouraged to contact us. Commitment to diligent and systematic observation and recording will be necessary—and a willingness to spend some time on the knees in the bush.

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This bridal is creepy

FOBIF is following up its initial 2010 attack on bridal creeper around the giant yellow box alongside the Great Dividing Trail, with another shot at making an impact on this unpleasant weed. The site is a hundred metres from the point where the GDT crosses Forest Creek, and is a veritable wilderness of every imaginable bad weed in this area.

Our efforts are clearly very modest, and a more coordinated effort will be needed taking into consideration the values of the area, the extensive revegetation work done by landcare groups from Golden Point right through to Castlemaine, and the important issues of flood mitigation and fire risk minimisation. Tentative efforts to devise a coordinated plan for Forest Creek have been mooted in recent years, and now Max Schlacter, a Melbourne University post graduate student, has undertaken to prepare such a plan, in cooperation with Connecting Country and interested other groups. We will update on this project as it develops.

The Friends of Kalimna Park have also embarked on an ambitious bridal creeper clearance program along Moonlight Creek, on the eastern edge of the Park.

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